Key findings
- 1
Python is the language named most often in open Coding & Software Evaluation roles: 118 of 302 (39.1%), in the title or the description, ahead of TypeScript (77); 22 different languages are named, and 38.1% of the roles name one in the title.
- 2
Where a description is published, 74.5% of 259 Coding & Software Evaluation roles name a language and 43.2% name two or more; Python is named in 463 roles read.
- 3
Prolific names a language in 100.0% of its 4 open coding roles (most often Python); Handshake AI in 0.0% of its 4.
- 4
417 open roles outside Coding & Software Evaluation name a programming language, most in Law, Medicine & Finance (212, most often Python) and Math & STEM (90, most often Python).
- 5
The frameworks and tools named most often in Coding & Software Evaluation descriptions are CI/CD (40 of 259), REST or GraphQL APIs (39 of 259) and Git or GitHub (39 of 259).
- 6
28.5% of open Coding & Software Evaluation roles name no language anywhere they are read: 21 have a generic title and no published description, and 65 have a description that names none.
Figure 1
Programming languages named in role titles
Which programming languages do AI training job titles ask for?
| Language | Open roles naming it | Of them, Coding | Share of coding roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | 57 | 40 | 13.2% |
| JavaScript | 14 | 14 | 4.6% |
| Java | 12 | 12 | 4.0% |
| TypeScript | 12 | 12 | 4.0% |
| SQL | 10 | 7 | 2.3% |
| Rust | 7 | 7 | 2.3% |
| Kotlin | 6 | 5 | 1.7% |
| Lean (theorem prover) | 6 | 0 | 0.0% |
| C++ | 5 | 5 | 1.7% |
| Go | 5 | 4 | 1.3% |
| C# | 4 | 4 | 1.3% |
| HTML and CSS | 4 | 4 | 1.3% |
| Bash and shell | 4 | 3 | 1.0% |
| Swift | 4 | 4 | 1.3% |
| Objective-C | 3 | 3 | 1.0% |
| PHP | 3 | 2 | 0.7% |
| CSmall sample | 1 | 1 | 0.3% |
| LuaSmall sample | 1 | 1 | 0.3% |
| MATLABSmall sample | 1 | 0 | 0.0% |
| RSmall sample | 1 | 1 | 0.3% |
| RubySmall sample | 1 | 1 | 0.3% |
| ScalaSmall sample | 1 | 1 | 0.3% |
Sample. 144 of the 4,381 roles open at the end of 31 Oct 2026 name a programming language in their title, 115 of them among the 302 Coding & Software Evaluation roles.
Names that are also ordinary words or letters (Go, C, R, Swift, Rust, Ruby, Dart, Julia, Lean) count only in a programming context: an explicit phrase ('Golang', 'C/C++', 'R programming', 'Lean 4'), a list beside another language ('Java, Go, Rust'), or the head of a title before a role word ('Go Code Review Developer').
A title naming two languages counts for both. Share of coding roles: of all 302 open Coding & Software Evaluation roles. The median needs 3 roles stating an hourly rate.
Rows with fewer than 1.5 roles naming it are marked as a small sample and not ranked: below that the average of the rows weighs more than a row's own roles naming it (the weight fitted on the rows' own counts).
Source. AITraining.jobs Research, Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition.
Figure 2
Programming languages named in role descriptions
Which languages do the full job descriptions name, in coding work and beyond?
| Language | Roles naming it | Coding roles naming it | Share of coding roles read |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | 463 | 113 | 43.6% |
| Java | 80 | 71 | 27.4% |
| SQL | 78 | 28 | 10.8% |
| TypeScript | 77 | 73 | 28.2% |
| JavaScript | 70 | 62 | 23.9% |
| Go | 65 | 56 | 21.6% |
| C++ | 64 | 40 | 15.4% |
| MATLAB | 59 | 3 | 1.2% |
| R | 59 | 4 | 1.5% |
| C# | 38 | 37 | 14.3% |
| Rust | 27 | 22 | 8.5% |
| C | 22 | 4 | 1.5% |
| Bash and shell | 18 | 5 | 1.9% |
| HTML and CSS | 13 | 9 | 3.5% |
| Julia | 13 | 0 | 0.0% |
| Fortran | 9 | 0 | 0.0% |
| Kotlin | 9 | 8 | 3.1% |
| Swift | 9 | 9 | 3.5% |
| Coq (Rocq) | 7 | 0 | 0.0% |
| Verilog and VHDL | 7 | 0 | 0.0% |
| VBA (Visual Basic) | 7 | 0 | 0.0% |
| PHP | 6 | 4 | 1.5% |
| Lean (theorem prover) | 5 | 0 | 0.0% |
| Objective-C | 4 | 4 | 1.5% |
| Ruby | 4 | 3 | 1.2% |
| Dart | 2 | 1 | 0.4% |
| Lua | 2 | 1 | 0.4% |
| AgdaSmall sample | 1 | 0 | 0.0% |
| HaskellSmall sample | 1 | 0 | 0.0% |
| ScalaSmall sample | 1 | 1 | 0.4% |
Sample. 4,000 roles open on 31 Oct 2026 whose job board publishes a full description (AfterQuery, Aligned Labs, Anthropic, Anyone AI, Appen, Babel Audio, Braintrust, Claru, Cohere, DataAnnotation, DATAmundi, Edison Scientific, Elsevier Health, EvolutionIQ, Fleet AI, Handshake AI, Headway, iMerit, Innodata, Invisible, Inworld AI, JazzX AI, Kastle, Lifted (Upwork), Limbic, Mercor, micro1, Mindrift, Mistral AI, OneForma, OpenTrain AI, Outlier (Scale AI), Pasiflora AI, Perle Labs, Pila8, PointClickCare, Prolific, RealTrainAI, RemoExperts, Remotasks, Rise Data Labs, RWS TrainAI Community, Sama, Scale AI Human Frontier Collective, Shaip (Collaborate by Shaip), Sigma AI, Snorkel AI Expert Community, Sovrano AI, SuperAnnotate (SME), Surge AI, TELUS Digital AI, Terac, TransPerfect DataForce, Trellis, Turing, Vals AI, Vetto, Volga Partners, Weekday, Welo Data and xAI (SpaceXAI)), 91.3% of the 4,381 open roles; 259 of them are Coding & Software Evaluation roles.
Names that are also ordinary words or letters (Go, C, R, Swift, Rust, Ruby, Dart, Julia, Lean) count only in a programming context: an explicit phrase ('Golang', 'C/C++', 'R programming', 'Lean 4'), a list beside another language ('Java, Go, Rust'), or the head of a title before a role word ('Go Code Review Developer').
Descriptions often list several accepted languages ('Python, Java, Rust, Go, C++ or TypeScript'): each one counts, so a role is counted once per language it names.
The four platforms that publish descriptions are expert networks; their roles lean towards expert and senior work.
Rows with fewer than 1.1 roles naming it are marked as a small sample and not ranked: below that the average of the rows weighs more than a row's own roles naming it (the weight fitted on the rows' own counts).
Source. AITraining.jobs Research, Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition.
Figure 3
Advertised pay by programming language
What does AI training work in each programming language pay?
| Language | Median per hour | Typical pay | Roles stating pay | Platforms stating pay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean (theorem prover) | $185 | $135 to $200 | 9 | 4 |
| Coq (Rocq) | $135 | $125 to $320 | 6 | 4 |
| PHP | $125 | $80 to $150 | 5 | 4 |
| Ruby | $125 | $100 to $150 | 4 | 4 |
| VBA (Visual Basic) | $85 | $85 to $110 | 7 | 4 |
| C | $75 | $30 to $120 | 9 | 5 |
| C++ | $75 | $55 to $150 | 43 | 15 |
| MATLAB | $75 | $40 to $125 | 51 | 10 |
| Rust | $75 | $70 to $150 | 25 | 11 |
| R | $70 | $35 to $120 | 53 | 13 |
| Swift | $70 | $60 to $95 | 7 | 4 |
| C# | $60 | $60 to $100 | 37 | 7 |
| Go | $60 | $60 to $150 | 54 | 14 |
| Java | $60 | $55 to $110 | 68 | 16 |
| JavaScript | $60 | $45 to $140 | 62 | 18 |
| Kotlin | $60 | $50 to $95 | 9 | 4 |
| SQL | $60 | $35 to $125 | 63 | 17 |
| TypeScript | $60 | $60 to $150 | 71 | 16 |
| Python | $55 | $40 to $125 | 405 | 26 |
| Bash and shell | $55 | $40 to $115 | 12 | 8 |
| HTML and CSS | $35 | $30 to $110 | 10 | 8 |
| Verilog and VHDL | n/a | n/a | 6 | 3 |
| AgdaSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 1 | 1 |
| DartSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 2 | 2 |
| FortranSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 3 | 1 |
| HaskellSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 1 | 1 |
| JuliaSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 1 | 1 |
| LuaSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 2 | 2 |
| Objective-CSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 3 | 1 |
| ScalaSmall sample | n/a | n/a | 1 | 1 |
Sample. Roles open on 31 Oct 2026 that name the language and state an hourly rate, of any kind of work; 268 of the 302 Coding & Software Evaluation roles state one (median $60/hr).
A language counts when the title names it or, for roles at AfterQuery, Aligned Labs, Anthropic, Anyone AI, Appen, Babel Audio, Braintrust, Claru, Cohere, DataAnnotation, DATAmundi, Edison Scientific, Elsevier Health, EvolutionIQ, Fleet AI, Handshake AI, Headway, iMerit, Innodata, Invisible, Inworld AI, JazzX AI, Kastle, Lifted (Upwork), Limbic, Mercor, micro1, Mindrift, Mistral AI, OneForma, OpenTrain AI, Outlier (Scale AI), Pasiflora AI, Perle Labs, Pila8, PointClickCare, Prolific, RealTrainAI, RemoExperts, Remotasks, Rise Data Labs, RWS TrainAI Community, Sama, Scale AI Human Frontier Collective, Shaip (Collaborate by Shaip), Sigma AI, Snorkel AI Expert Community, Sovrano AI, SuperAnnotate (SME), Surge AI, TELUS Digital AI, Terac, TransPerfect DataForce, Trellis, Turing, Vals AI, Vetto, Volga Partners, Weekday, Welo Data and xAI (SpaceXAI) (the job boards that publish a full description), when the description does.
Pay is the hourly figure a posting advertises (the middle of a stated range), counted once per distinct rate as the job board counts it. The median and typical pay are the board's: typical pay runs from the 25th percentile of what roles pay (the middle of each advertised range) to the 90th-percentile advertised ceiling, stated from 3 distinct rates. Languages whose roles state fewer than 3 distinct rates are listed last, without a median.
A median whose priced roles come from fewer than 3 platforms is marked and not ranked: it describes those platforms' listings (often a family of roles at one advertised range), not the language.
Mostly in: the kind of work most of the roles naming the language belong to. A language named mainly outside coding (R in statistics roles, for example) is paid as that work is.
Roles that list several accepted languages carry one rate for all of them, so languages named together share their pay: the differences between them are smaller than the table's precision suggests.
Source. AITraining.jobs Research, Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition.
Figure 4
Languages named by each platform's coding roles
Which platforms hire coders for which languages?
| Platform | Open coding roles | Naming a language | Python | TypeScript | Java | JavaScript | Go |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SuperAnnotate (SME) | 52 | 88.5% | 21.2% | 21.2% | 11.5% | 5.8% | 1.9% |
| Alignerr | 42 | 52.4% | 11.9% | 9.5% | 2.4% | 11.9% | 2.4% |
| Invisible | 42 | 45.2% | 14.3% | 9.5% | 11.9% | 11.9% | 2.4% |
| Anyone AI | 29 | 93.1% | 93.1% | 89.7% | 89.7% | 89.7% | 89.7% |
| micro1 | 23 | 69.6% | 56.5% | 39.1% | 39.1% | 13.0% | 34.8% |
| Turing | 18 | 83.3% | 61.1% | 22.2% | 22.2% | 22.2% | 22.2% |
| Mercor | 17 | 52.9% | 23.5% | 17.6% | 11.8% | 5.9% | 11.8% |
| Rise Data Labs | 15 | 100.0% | 53.3% | 6.7% | 20.0% | 13.3% | 0.0% |
| Weekday | 12 | 83.3% | 58.3% | 66.7% | 50.0% | 25.0% | 58.3% |
| AfterQuery | 10 | 40.0% | 10.0% | 0.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 0.0% |
| DataAnnotation | 6 | 83.3% | 50.0% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 33.3% | 33.3% |
| RemoExperts | 6 | 100.0% | 66.7% | 33.3% | 33.3% | 0.0% | 50.0% |
| Handshake AI | 4 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Prolific | 4 | 100.0% | 50.0% | 25.0% | 0.0% | 25.0% | 0.0% |
| TELUS Digital AI | 4 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 50.0% | 75.0% | 0.0% |
| ClaruSmall sample | 2 | 100.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 0.0% |
| Lifted (Upwork)Small sample | 2 | 100.0% | 50.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% |
| OpenTrain AISmall sample | 2 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Sovrano AISmall sample | 2 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| TeracSmall sample | 2 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| VettoSmall sample | 2 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 100.0% | 50.0% |
| BraintrustSmall sample | 1 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| CohereSmall sample | 1 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Mistral AISmall sample | 1 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| Pasiflora AISmall sample | 1 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| RealTrainAISmall sample | 1 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| Scale AI Human Frontier CollectiveSmall sample | 1 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
Sample. 302 Coding & Software Evaluation roles open on 31 Oct 2026, by the platform that lists them. Language columns: the share of the platform's coding roles naming each of the 5 languages named most often.
A language counts when the title names it or, for roles at AfterQuery, Aligned Labs, Anthropic, Anyone AI, Appen, Babel Audio, Braintrust, Claru, Cohere, DataAnnotation, DATAmundi, Edison Scientific, Elsevier Health, EvolutionIQ, Fleet AI, Handshake AI, Headway, iMerit, Innodata, Invisible, Inworld AI, JazzX AI, Kastle, Lifted (Upwork), Limbic, Mercor, micro1, Mindrift, Mistral AI, OneForma, OpenTrain AI, Outlier (Scale AI), Pasiflora AI, Perle Labs, Pila8, PointClickCare, Prolific, RealTrainAI, RemoExperts, Remotasks, Rise Data Labs, RWS TrainAI Community, Sama, Scale AI Human Frontier Collective, Shaip (Collaborate by Shaip), Sigma AI, Snorkel AI Expert Community, Sovrano AI, SuperAnnotate (SME), Surge AI, TELUS Digital AI, Terac, TransPerfect DataForce, Trellis, Turing, Vals AI, Vetto, Volga Partners, Weekday, Welo Data and xAI (SpaceXAI) (the job boards that publish a full description), when the description does.
A platform whose titles are generic ('Software Engineer') and whose board publishes no description shows few languages: that is what its listings say, not what its projects use.
Listings only: a count of open roles, not of hires or applications.
Rows with fewer than 2.5 open coding roles are marked as a small sample and not ranked: below that the average of the rows weighs more than a row's own open coding roles (the weight fitted on the rows' own counts).
Source. AITraining.jobs Research, Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition.
Figure 5
Programming languages beyond coding roles
Which other kinds of AI training work ask for a programming language?
| Kind of work | Roles naming a language | Share of its open roles | Most named |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coding & Software Evaluation | 216 | 71.5% | Python |
| Law, Medicine & Finance | 212 | 13.8% | Python |
| Math & STEM | 90 | 36.3% | Python |
| Agentic Tasks & RL Environments | 54 | 43.5% | Python |
| AI Evaluation & Rating (RLHF) | 38 | 18.4% | Python |
| Data Annotation & Labeling | 12 | 5.0% | Python |
| Red-Teaming & AI Safety | 6 | 11.1% | Python |
| Robotics & Physical-AI Data | 3 | 3.0% | Python |
| Writing & Content | 2 | 6.1% | Python |
Sample. 4,381 roles open on 31 Oct 2026; 417 roles outside Coding & Software Evaluation name a programming language.
A language counts when the title names it or, for roles at AfterQuery, Aligned Labs, Anthropic, Anyone AI, Appen, Babel Audio, Braintrust, Claru, Cohere, DataAnnotation, DATAmundi, Edison Scientific, Elsevier Health, EvolutionIQ, Fleet AI, Handshake AI, Headway, iMerit, Innodata, Invisible, Inworld AI, JazzX AI, Kastle, Lifted (Upwork), Limbic, Mercor, micro1, Mindrift, Mistral AI, OneForma, OpenTrain AI, Outlier (Scale AI), Pasiflora AI, Perle Labs, Pila8, PointClickCare, Prolific, RealTrainAI, RemoExperts, Remotasks, Rise Data Labs, RWS TrainAI Community, Sama, Scale AI Human Frontier Collective, Shaip (Collaborate by Shaip), Sigma AI, Snorkel AI Expert Community, Sovrano AI, SuperAnnotate (SME), Surge AI, TELUS Digital AI, Terac, TransPerfect DataForce, Trellis, Turing, Vals AI, Vetto, Volga Partners, Weekday, Welo Data and xAI (SpaceXAI) (the job boards that publish a full description), when the description does.
Shares are of each kind's open roles on every platform, including those whose descriptions are not published, so they are floors.
Rows with fewer than 2.1 open roles are marked as a small sample and not ranked: below that the average of the rows weighs more than a row's own open roles (the weight fitted on the rows' own counts).
Source. AITraining.jobs Research, Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition.
Figure 6
Frameworks and tools named in coding role descriptions
Beyond the language, which frameworks and tools do coding roles name?
| Framework or tool | Coding roles naming it | Share of coding roles read |
|---|---|---|
| CI/CD | 40 | 15.4% |
| REST or GraphQL APIs | 39 | 15.1% |
| Git or GitHub | 39 | 15.1% |
| Node.js | 23 | 8.9% |
| React | 22 | 8.5% |
| Docker | 18 | 6.9% |
| Databases (PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB) | 16 | 6.2% |
| pandas or NumPy | 14 | 5.4% |
| AWS | 13 | 5.0% |
| IDEs (VS Code, IntelliJ, Xcode) | 11 | 4.2% |
| SwiftUI, UIKit or Jetpack | 11 | 4.2% |
| PyTorch | 10 | 3.9% |
| CUDA and GPU kernels (Triton, NKI) | 8 | 3.1% |
| Next.js | 8 | 3.1% |
| Django, Flask or FastAPI | 8 | 3.1% |
| Google Cloud | 7 | 2.7% |
| Kubernetes | 7 | 2.7% |
| Angular | 6 | 2.3% |
| Azure | 6 | 2.3% |
| Linux | 6 | 2.3% |
| scikit-learn | 6 | 2.3% |
| TensorFlow | 6 | 2.3% |
| Vue | 6 | 2.3% |
| LangChain or LlamaIndex | 5 | 1.9% |
| AI coding assistants (Cursor, Copilot, Claude Code) | 4 | 1.5% |
| JAX | 4 | 1.5% |
| Terraform or infrastructure as code | 4 | 1.5% |
| Spark, Kafka or Airflow | 3 | 1.2% |
| Game engines (Unity, Unreal, Godot) | 3 | 1.2% |
| React Native | 3 | 1.2% |
| Hugging Face | 2 | 0.8% |
| Jupyter | 2 | 0.8% |
| LLM serving (vLLM, TensorRT) | 2 | 0.8% |
| Spring | 2 | 0.8% |
| BI tools (Tableau, Power BI, Looker) | 1 | 0.4% |
| .NET | 1 | 0.4% |
| Flutter | 1 | 0.4% |
| Ruby on Rails | 1 | 0.4% |
Sample. 4,000 roles open on 31 Oct 2026 whose job board publishes a full description (AfterQuery, Aligned Labs, Anthropic, Anyone AI, Appen, Babel Audio, Braintrust, Claru, Cohere, DataAnnotation, DATAmundi, Edison Scientific, Elsevier Health, EvolutionIQ, Fleet AI, Handshake AI, Headway, iMerit, Innodata, Invisible, Inworld AI, JazzX AI, Kastle, Lifted (Upwork), Limbic, Mercor, micro1, Mindrift, Mistral AI, OneForma, OpenTrain AI, Outlier (Scale AI), Pasiflora AI, Perle Labs, Pila8, PointClickCare, Prolific, RealTrainAI, RemoExperts, Remotasks, Rise Data Labs, RWS TrainAI Community, Sama, Scale AI Human Frontier Collective, Shaip (Collaborate by Shaip), Sigma AI, Snorkel AI Expert Community, Sovrano AI, SuperAnnotate (SME), Surge AI, TELUS Digital AI, Terac, TransPerfect DataForce, Trellis, Turing, Vals AI, Vetto, Volga Partners, Weekday, Welo Data and xAI (SpaceXAI)), 91.3% of the 4,381 open roles; 259 of them are Coding & Software Evaluation roles.
Words that are also ordinary words or other sciences' terms ('angular momentum', a laboratory flask, Unity) count only in a software context.
A tool named in a list of options counts like a requirement: the figure counts mentions.
Source. AITraining.jobs Research, Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition.
Figure 7
Coding roles that name no language
How many coding roles say which language the work is in?
| What the posting says | Open coding roles | Share |
|---|---|---|
| The title names a language | 115 | 38.1% |
| Only the description names one | 101 | 33.4% |
| The description names none | 65 | 21.5% |
| The title names none; no description published | 21 | 7.0% |
Sample. 302 Coding & Software Evaluation roles open on 31 Oct 2026; descriptions are read for the 259 of them at AfterQuery, Aligned Labs, Anthropic, Anyone AI, Appen, Babel Audio, Braintrust, Claru, Cohere, DataAnnotation, DATAmundi, Edison Scientific, Elsevier Health, EvolutionIQ, Fleet AI, Handshake AI, Headway, iMerit, Innodata, Invisible, Inworld AI, JazzX AI, Kastle, Lifted (Upwork), Limbic, Mercor, micro1, Mindrift, Mistral AI, OneForma, OpenTrain AI, Outlier (Scale AI), Pasiflora AI, Perle Labs, Pila8, PointClickCare, Prolific, RealTrainAI, RemoExperts, Remotasks, Rise Data Labs, RWS TrainAI Community, Sama, Scale AI Human Frontier Collective, Shaip (Collaborate by Shaip), Sigma AI, Snorkel AI Expert Community, Sovrano AI, SuperAnnotate (SME), Surge AI, TELUS Digital AI, Terac, TransPerfect DataForce, Trellis, Turing, Vals AI, Vetto, Volga Partners, Weekday, Welo Data and xAI (SpaceXAI).
Names that are also ordinary words or letters (Go, C, R, Swift, Rust, Ruby, Dart, Julia, Lean) count only in a programming context: an explicit phrase ('Golang', 'C/C++', 'R programming', 'Lean 4'), a list beside another language ('Java, Go, Rust'), or the head of a title before a role word ('Go Code Review Developer').
The kind of work also holds some engineering roles outside software (CAD, hardware, audio engineering) where no programming language is expected: part of the roles naming none are those.
The median needs 3 roles stating an hourly rate.
Source. AITraining.jobs Research, Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition.
For labs, data vendors and researchers
Buy the data behind this report
The figures above are a summary. Behind them are records we collect ourselves, every day:
11,482 roles tracked, each with its history
Every role on 62 job boards, read since 13 Jul 2026 (every hour since 18 Oct 2026): its pay and place, and the first and last day it was open.
58,632 apply clicks in 28 days
Which roles people actually apply to, by field, pay and kind of work. It happens on this site, so nobody else can count it.
39 lab and vendor hiring boards
The job boards of 25 AI labs and 14 human-data vendors, read every day: who is hiring for human data, and who is hiring to buy it.
What you can buy
The records
The rows behind any figure, with their history, not only the totals.
A regular feed
The same figures every week or month, as files.
A custom cut or benchmark
Your countries, languages or fields, or your own platform against the market.
Building AI and need the experts behind this data? (you contract them yourself) or (we deliver the expert work).
Investing in AI-data companies? Hiring radar is these records role by role, every day, as files.
Method and definitions
The public job boards of the AI training platforms this site tracks, read every hour. Languages are read from role titles on every platform, and from the full descriptions of the roles whose job board publishes one. Every figure is computed by one database query over the window shown, the same query for the live report and for every edition. Each figure states its sample beneath it.
- Language named
- A role names a language when its title does, or, at the platforms that publish a full description, when its description does. Matching is on whole words, case-insensitive, with the documented pattern of each language. A role naming several languages counts for each; descriptions often list several accepted languages.
- Names that are also words
- Go, C, R, Swift, Rust, Ruby, Dart, Julia and Lean count only in a programming context: an explicit phrase ('Golang', 'C/C++', 'R programming', 'Lean 4', 'iOS/Swift'), a list beside another language ('Java, Go, Rust', 'Python or R'), or the head of a title before a role word ('Go Code Review Developer'). The bare name counts only written with its capital, so the verb 'go' and 'lean manufacturing' never do.
- Coding role
- A role this site classifies as Coding & Software Evaluation, one of the twelve kinds of AI training work. Languages named in other kinds of work (Math & STEM, AI evaluation, agentic tasks) are counted separately.
- Pay by language
- The median hourly rate advertised by the roles naming a language, of any kind of work. A median needs 3 roles stating a rate, and is ranked only when those roles come from at least 3 platforms; a median resting on fewer platforms is shown, marked, and not ranked.
- Framework or tool
- A library, framework, cloud, infrastructure or developer tool named in a description (React, PyTorch, Kubernetes, AWS, Git), each with a documented pattern; words shared with other fields ('angular momentum', a laboratory flask) count only in a software context.
- Coverage
- Titles are read on every platform; full descriptions only where the job board publishes them (Mercor, micro1, AfterQuery and Braintrust, about three in ten open roles). Each figure states which it reads.
- Open role
- A role listed by a given day and still in its platform's feed that day.
- Kind of work
- Each role is classified from its title and description into one of the twelve kinds of AI training work this site tracks, from AI evaluation and coding to multilingual and audio work. Every kind links to its own page.
- Window
- Live: the last 28 complete days, in UTC. Edition: one calendar month, in UTC.
What this data cannot tell you
- Platforms that recruit without a public job board are not counted. Several large ones invite workers to projects directly.
- A listing is not a hire. Some platforms keep evergreen roles open for months, and some post one listing per language or country.
- Descriptions are read only for the platforms that publish them, which are expert networks: description figures lean towards expert and senior work, and coding roles elsewhere are read from their titles alone, so many name no language.
- Roles listing several accepted languages carry one rate for all of them, so the pay of languages named together differs less than the table suggests; a mention may be a preference rather than a requirement.
- The coding kind of work also holds some engineering roles outside software (CAD, hardware, audio engineering), which name no programming language.
- A pattern can miss a language written in an unusual way; nothing is inferred beyond what the text says (an 'iOS' or 'Android' title names a platform, not a language).
How the job feeds are read and roles are classified: site methodology. How fresh, complete and consistent the data is, checked every day: data quality and coverage.
Editions
The live report covers the last 28 complete days and changes every day. Each complete month is also published as an edition, frozen two days after the month ends, so a figure you cite from an edition never moves.
- Live dataLast 28 complete days, recomputed daily
- October 2026 edition (this page)Freezes on first reading
Cite and reuse
Free to quote, chart and republish under CC BY 4.0 with a link to this page. This edition is frozen, so its figures will read the same later.
Citation
AITraining.jobs (2026). Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition. https://aitraining.jobs/research/programming-languages-in-ai-training/2026-10
BibTeX
@misc{aitrainingjobs_programming_languages_in_ai_training_2026_10,
author = {{AITraining.jobs}},
title = {Programming Languages in AI Training, October 2026 edition},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://aitraining.jobs/research/programming-languages-in-ai-training/2026-10}},
}More research
- Languages in Demand for AI TrainingWhich languages are AI labs hiring for, what do they pay and how much competition is there?Read the report
- Expert Fields in Demand for AI TrainingWhich professions and disciplines are AI labs hiring to train models, and what do they pay?Read the report
- What AI Training Roles RequireWhat do AI training roles ask for: degrees, credentials, experience, hours, tests?Read the report
- AI Training Job TitlesWhat is AI training work called, and does the title say anything about the pay?Read the report
- What AI Trainers DoWhat tasks does AI training work involve: writing prompts, rating answers, red-teaming, coding?Read the report
- The Expert Scarcity Index for AI TrainingWhich expertise and languages are hardest to recruit for AI training work right now?Read the report
- Real-World Data Collection WorkWho is hiring people to collect real-world data for robots and physical AI, where, and at what pay?Read the report
- The State of AI Training PayWhat does AI training work pay, by kind of work and by platform?Read the report